Jim,

One more thing. I cover this is in the book and this article below. The definition of a "lie" is anything that anybody can call a lie and not be challenged as to the truth of their assertion that they believe or can be understood as to the sense of lie they mean.

So, I would argue, nearly everyone can understand what I mean when I say "Don Quixote is a lie." It isn't factually true. Whether you agree or not, you do accept that I was not lying, as I would be if I said "Don Quixote is not a book and never was." I would, I hope, be challenged on what I could have possibly meant by saying that. Not that I could not then given you a context (predication context) which will make that assertion factually true. (As in, "I meant the man not the book, of course.") This is fundamental. Any predication can change the truth of another by the computational method of predication which is fundamental to how neurons compute.

Here is a recent article for what a "lie" is in the Internet Court of Lies. Same definition. I am consistent at least.

https://medium.com/liecatcher/what-is-a-lie-in-the-internet-court-of-lies-c7eaba3ece96

When I was first studying lies people in the media never used the word "lie" because of its Ad Hominins connotation. Somehow all that changed now and media figures use the word "lie" all the time, because it is so inescapably true about some things in the media.