Here is a computational cognitive neuroscience analysis of truth and lies. You didn't really capture the cartesian position. There is no ghost.

https://medium.com/liecatcher/https-medium-com-rhtcmu-fiat-lies-are-genocide-on-the-human-race-a4d76b093530?source=friends_link&sk=def42b91e45b457ef3abc64ab440c8ae

liecatcher contains many other articles expanding out using Mendaciology.

https://medium.com/liecatcher/mendaciology-4e21bd47d8ba?source=friends_link&sk=0c189fc7d0c94e0c63e9ff8030599b69